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Modified architecture for cloud radio access networks and approach for compression of front-haul data

專利號
US10064242B2
公開日期
2018-08-28
申請人
INTEL IP CORPORATION（US CA Santa Clara）
發(fā)明人
Sameer Pawar; Huaning Niu; Apostolos Papathanassiou
IPC分類
H04W88/08; H03M7/40; H04W92/12
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域
errh,module,bbu,haul,can,rrh,in,framing,pusch,signal
地域： CA CA Santa Clara

摘要

Systems and methods disclosed herein describe a centralized-processing cloud-based RAN (C-RAN or cloud-RAN) architecture that offers reduced front-haul data-rate requirements compared to common-public-radio-interface (CPRI) based C-RAN architectures. Base-band physical-layer processing can be divided between a BBU Pool and an enhanced RRH (eRRH). A frequency-domain compression approach that exploits LTE signal redundancy and user scheduling information can be used at the eRRH to significantly reduce front-haul data-rate requirements. Uniform scalar quantization and variable-rate Huffman coding in the frequency-domain can be applied in a compression approach based on the user scheduling information wherein a lossy compression is followed by a lossless compression.

說明書

BACKGROUND

The demand for wireless communications has increased as mobile devices (e.g., cellular phones and tablets) have become more popular in recent years. In order to meet this demand, increasing numbers of base stations have been created in radio access networks (RANs). Since many of the devices that wirelessly connect to RANs are mobile, the load of network traffic at a given base station can vary throughout a typical day as consumers carry mobile devices to different locations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the disclosure; and, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a C-RAN architecture in accordance with an example;

FIG. 2 illustrates a common-public-radio-interface (CPRI)-based C-RAN architecture in accordance with an example;

FIG. 3 illustrates a PHY-split C-RAN architecture in accordance with an example;

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an enhanced remote radio head (eRRH) in accordance with an example;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart that illustrates exemplary functionality of an eRRH in accordance with an example; and

FIG. 6 provides an example illustration of a wireless device in accordance with an example.

權(quán)利要求

1
What is claimed is:1. An enhanced Remote Radio Head (eRRH) configured to be used in in a Cloud-based Radio-access Network (C-RAN) in which base-band physical-layer processing is split between a Base-band Processing Unit (BBU) Pool and the eRRH, the eRRH comprising:one or more processors;an analog front end (AFE) configured to receive a radio signal from at least one user equipment (UE) via one or more antennas;an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive the radio signal from the AFE and digitize the radio signal; anda control/data-splitter module configured to:receive the digitized radio signal from the ADC,perform cyclic prefix removal on the digitized radio signal using the one or more processors, andidentify a plurality of time-domain physical-uplink-shared-channel (PUSCH) phase/Quadrature (I/Q) samples in the digitized radio signal, the plurality of time-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to a plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols, wherein the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols is associated with a physical resource block (PRB).2. The eRRH of claim 1, further comprising:a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) module configured to receive the plurality of time-domain PUSCH I/Q samples from the control/data-splitter module and perform a fast Fourier transform on the time-domain PUSCH I/Q samples to produce a plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols.3. The eRRH of claim 2, further comprising a bit-allocation module configured to:receive user-scheduling side information from the BBU Pool via a front-haul link, the user-scheduling side information being associated with the (PRB); andidentify a number of bits to be allocated for each PUSCH I/Q symbol in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols based on the user-scheduling side information.4. The eRRH of claim 3, further comprising a compression module configured to:receive the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples from the FFT module;receive the number of bits to be used for each PUSCH I/Q symbol in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols from the bit-allocation module; andperform a lossy compression in which each frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols is normalized and is quantized based on the number of bits received from the bit-allocation module.5. The eRRH of claim 4, wherein the compression module is further configured to normalize each frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples to a value ranging from ?1 to 1 by subtracting a mean value and using a scaling value.6. The eRRH of claim 4, wherein the compression module is further configured to apply uniform quantization to quantize each frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples.7. The eRRH of claim 4, wherein the bit-allocation module is further configured to identify a number of bits to be used for each PUSCH I/Q symbol in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols based on a modulation order contained in the user-scheduling side information.8. The eRRH of claim 7, wherein the bit allocation module is further configured to determine that the number of bits to be allocated for each PUSCH I/Q symbol is four bits per symbol when the modulation order is quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK), five bits per symbol when the modulation order is 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (16-QAM), and six bits per symbol when the modulation order is 64-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (64-QAM).9. The eRRH of claim 4, wherein the compression module is further configured to perform a lossless compression in which a prefix-free code is applied to a plurality of bit subsets, each bit subset in the plurality of bit subsets being associated with a respective PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q samples.10. The eRRH of claim 9, wherein each bit subset in the plurality of bit subsets comprises the two most significant bits (MSBs) of the respective frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples.11. The eRRH of claim 10, using a Huffman code as the prefix-free code, wherein:a value of 00 for the MSBs maps to a single coded bit having a value of 0;a value of 01 for the MSBs maps to two coded bits having a value of 10;a value of 10 for the MSBs maps to three coded bits having a value of 110; anda value of 11 for the MSBs maps to four coded bits having a value of 111.12. The eRRH of claim 3, wherein the user-scheduling side information comprises one or more of: a user activity, a sub-carrier occupancy, a constellation or modulation on individual sub-carriers, a turbo coding rate, a number of users scheduled in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), a hybrid-automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) status, a target signal-to-interference-noise ratios (SINR), or an average bit/block error performance.13. The eRRH of claim 1, wherein the control/data-splitter module is further configured to identify reference signals, physical-uplink-control-channel (PUCCH) symbols, and a random-access-channel (RACH) signal in the radio signal and wherein the eRRH further comprises a reference-signal compression module configured to apply a compression technique different from a compression technique applied to the plurality of PUSCH symbols to at least one of the reference signals, the physical-uplink-control-channel (PUCCH) symbols, or the random-access-channel (RACH) signal.14. A computer-readable medium having instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the following:receiving a radio signal at an enhanced remote radio head (eRRH);performing a cyclic prefix removal on the radio signal at the eRRH;identifying a plurality of time-domain physical-uplink-shared-channel (PUSCH) phase/Quadrature (I/Q) samples in the radio signal, the plurality of time-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to a plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols, wherein the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols is associated with a physical resource block (PRB) in the radio signal; andperforming a fast Fourier transform on the plurality of time-domain PUSCH I/Q samples at the eRRH to produce a plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols.15. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, further having instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the following:receiving user-scheduling side information at the eRRH from a BBU Pool or an evolved Node B (eNB) via a front-haul link, the user-scheduling side information being associated with the PRB; andidentifying a designated a number of bits to be used for each PUSCH I/Q symbol in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols based on the user-scheduling side information at the eRRH.16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the user-scheduling side information comprises one or more of: a user activity, a sub-carrier occupancy, a constellation or modulation on individual sub-carriers, a turbo coding rate, a numbers of users scheduled in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), a hybrid-automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) status, a target signal-to-interference-noise ratios (SINK), or an average bit/block error performance.17. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, further having instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the following:identifying the designated number of bits to be used for each PUSCH I/Q symbol in the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols based on a modulation order contained in the user-scheduling side information.18. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, further having instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the following:normalizing each frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples, the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples corresponding to the plurality of PUSCH I/Q symbols, at the eRRH;performing a lossy frequency-domain compression at the eRRH in which each frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples is discretized based on the designated number of bits.19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, further having instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, perform the following:performing a lossless compression in which a prefix-free code is applied to a plurality of bit subsets, each bit subset in the plurality of bit subsets being associated with a respective frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q sample in the plurality of frequency-domain PUSCH I/Q samples.20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein each bit subset in the plurality of bit subsets comprises the two most significant bits (MSBs) of the respective PUSCH I/Q sample with which the bit subset is associated.21. The computer-readable medium of claim 20, wherein the prefix-free code is a Huffman code wherein:a value of 00 for the MSBs maps to a single coded bit having a value of 0;a value of 01 for the MSBs maps to two coded bits having a value of 10;a value of 10 for the MSBs maps to three coded bits having a value of 110; anda value of 11 for the MSBs maps to four coded bits having a value of 111.22. An enhanced Remote Radio Head (eRRH) configured to be used in in a Cloud-based Radio-access Network (C-RAN) comprising:an analog front end (AFE) configured to receive one or more radio signals from one or more user equipments (UEs) via one or more antennas;a control/data splitter configured to separate user plane data symbols from reference symbols and control information in the one or more radio signals;a bit allocation unit configured to receive scheduling side information for the one or more UEs and determine a quantization level for each user plane data symbol based on the scheduling side information; anda compression unit configured to compress the user plane data symbols based on the quantization level to form compressed quantized samples to enable the compressed quantized samples to be communicated over a front-haul link to a base band unit.23. The eRRH of claim 22, wherein the bit allocation unit is further configured to determine the quantization level based on scheduling side information comprising one or more of: a user activity, a sub-carrier occupancy, a constellation or modulation on individual sub-carriers, a turbo coding rate, a number of users scheduled in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), a hybrid-automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) status, a target signal-to-interference-noise ratios (SINR), or an average bit/block error performance.24. The eRRH of claim 22, wherein the bit allocation unit is further configured to determine the quantization level for each data symbol in a physical resource block (PRB).25. The eRRH of claim 22, wherein the compression unit is further configured to perform a lossless compression in which a prefix-free code is applied to the compressed quantized samples.
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