Note that the hole-injection layer may be formed using the second charge generation region. When the second charge generation region is used for the hole-injection layer, a variety of conductive materials can be used for the anode 1101 regardless of their work functions as described above. Materials for forming the second charge generation region will be described later together with materials for faulting the first charge generation region.
<Hole-Transport Layer>
The hole-transport layer is a layer containing a substance having an excellent hole-transport property. The hole-transport layer may have a stacked layer of two or more layers containing a substance having an excellent hole-transport property without limitation to a single layer. A substance having a property of transporting more holes than electrons is used. In particular, a substance having a hole mobility of 10?6 cm2/Vs or higher is preferably used, in which case the driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced.
Examples of the substance having an excellent hole-transport property include an aromatic amine compound (e.g., 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD)) and a carbazole derivative (e.g., 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA)). Further, a high molecular compound (e.g., poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK)) or the like can also be used.
<Light-Emitting Layer>