=
-
N
Wp
N
Ws
×
V
out
.
With reference to FIG. 9, when the switch 12 is turned on, the voltage of the first node n1 may be pulled down to the ground, such as 0V, and the power source may provide the primary current Ip flowing through the primary winding Wp and the switch 12 and to the ground.
Further, the voltage of the second node n2 may be ?Vc1, and the voltage of the third node n3 may not be changed. When the flyback converter is operated under a critical conduction mode or a discontinuous conduction mode, the voltage across the first capacitor C1 Vc1 is calculated by