?
n
·
V
out
is a voltage at the first output terminal O/P
1, N
Wp is a number of turns of the primary winding, N
Ws is a number of turns of the secondary winding, and V
in is a voltage at the input terminal I/P. Larger amplitude spikes occur due to parasitic leakage inductance between the primary winding Wp and the secondary winding Ws, where voltage is not coupled to the first output terminal O/P
1. The voltage on the switch
21 will stay at
until on time volt-seconds equal off time volt-seconds.
Therefore, the snubber 22 may be provided to avoid the larger amplitude spikes. The snubber 22 may protect the converter from being damaged by the larger amplitude spikes. Besides, energy stored in the leakage inductance is transferred to the capacitor C, limiting the switch 21 voltage excursion above