In some applications, the pulses of electricity delivered to sensitive devices in PWM are managed by a controller. The controller determines how much voltage present at the device at any given time and issues a command to a converter (e.g., a DC/DC converter, such as a buck-boost converter) to deliver electricity to a device in pulses of a width that corresponds to the voltage need. In some applications, the converter may deliver that electricity through an inductor and capacitor in order to make the electricity delivery appear smoother to the device.
In applications with particularly sensitive devices, relying on inductors and capacitors to smooth the delivered power alone may not be practical due, in part, to inefficiencies resulting from increasing the capacitance of a circuit. Thus, shorter, more frequent pulses rather than longer, more occasional pulses are delivered to these devices in order to make the power delivery appear smoother and more continuous. However, some converters used in power delivery systems are unable to continuously efficiently deliver pulses of sufficiently high frequency for these applications.