In the embodiments of the present disclosure, MulteFire may support a PLMN access mode and an NHN access mode. PSP-IDs have been introduced into an NHN network of the MulteFire so as to provide services by various SPs. and the schemes in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to system architecture e.g., the NHN network. System architecture in the PLMN access mode and system architecture in the NHN access mode will be illustratively described hereinafter.

The system architecture in the PLMN access mode is shown in FIG. 1, where a communication connection is established between a UE of the MulteFire and an Access Point (AP) in a Radio Access Network (RAN) of the MulteFire. MulteFire may be called as MF for short, the UE of the MulteFire may be called as MF-UE for short, and the AP in the RAN of the MulteFire may be called as MF-AP for short. Further, a communication connection may also be established between the RAN of the MulteFire and a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving Gateway (SGW) of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. In addition, a communication connection may also be established between the RAN of the MulteFire and a 3^rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) RAN, and between the 3GPP RAN and the EPC network. In the EPC network, a communication connection may be established between the MME and a Home Subscriber Server (HSS), between the PGW and a Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF), and between each of the PGW and the PCRF and an Operator's Internet Protocol (IP) Services entity.