Also, data obtained from sensors can include semantic information about the usage of a service, such as: (1) a specific sequence of interactions with the service and the timings between the interactions; (2) when there exist multiple ways to perform a task, the particular user flow used to perform the task; (3) mistakes, typos, or misclicks, or other operations that are typically ignored by the service; (4) metadata about specific interactions, such as what part of a button or screen element was clicked, or readings from other sensors before, during, or after a significant event; and (5) responses and changes in user behavior due to perceptible or imperceptible changes in how a service is rendered or results are presented.

Exemplary Authentication Process

Prior to the authentication process taking place, the user performs a number of initialization operations, such as installing software agents on the user's devices, and importing password data from a password-management system. Next, the system learns familiar user behaviors based on information obtained from the user's devices over time to produce one or more models of the user's behaviors. After these initialization operations are complete, the system is ready to perform the authentication process.