In the illustrated example of FIG. 11H, a 3×2 two dimensional array of cutaneous actuators 1161-1166 is represented by concentric circles, with each set of two concentric circles representing one cutaneous actuator. The cutaneous actuators 1161-1166 are labeled for haptic phoneme 1139, but are not repeatedly labeled for haptic phonemes 1140-1144 for clarity. However, the cutaneous actuators indicated in haptic phonemes 1140-1144 are the same as those in the same positions in haptic phoneme 1139. This two dimensional array of cutaneous actuators 1161 through 1166 may correspond to the two dimensional array of cutaneous actuators 1104 in FIG. 11A.