The haptic output indicated by the fill patterns for each of the depictions of the user's arms in FIGS. 11K-11Q correspond to a phoneme, which is shown as the underlined portion of the sample word that is adjacent to the respective arm. For example, phoneme 1171 is the phoneme “/p/” (using IPA notation). This phoneme is present in the pronunciation of the word “pay.” Therefore, the word “pay” is shown, with the letter “p,” corresponding to the phoneme “/p/,” underlined. A similar method of indicating the phoneme is provided for the remaining phonemes illustrated in FIGS. 11K-11Q. Additionally, some of the phonemes shown in FIGS. 11K-11Q have arrows which indicate the sequence of activations of the cutaneous actuators that generate the sequence of haptic outputs that are mapped to each phoneme. In some cases, such as with the vibration plus shear output, multiple cutaneous actuators may be activated in sequence to generate the desired type of haptic output. In these cases, the arrows not only indicate the sequence of haptic outputs, but also how the specified type of haptic output is achieved. For example, in the case of vibration plus shear, the arrow indicates the direction of the shear sensation. Furthermore, when a sequence of cutaneous actuators are activated, one cutaneous actuator may deactivate before the activation of the next cutaneous actuator in the sequence, or the activations of each may overlap by a specified amount. For example, one cutaneous actuator may begin the process of deactivation while the next cutaneous actuator in sequence may begin the activation process. Additional details regarding the different sequences of haptic outputs corresponding to various phonemes are described below with reference to FIGS. 11K-11Q. Note that the IPA-transcribed phonemes described below for the sample words correspond to General American English pronunciation.
