Thus, the phoneme 1171 or “/p/” is represented by a single activation of a cutaneous actuator using a continuous sine wave output (type 1) as shown, and corresponds to the “p” in the sample word “pay” as shown. The “/b/” phoneme 1172 is represented by a pulsatile output (type 2) of a single cutaneous actuator as shown, and corresponds to the “b” in “bee.” The “/t/” phoneme 1173 is represented by a single cutaneous actuator with a continuous sine wave output (type 1) as shown, and corresponds to the “t” in “tea.” The “/v/” phoneme 1174 is represented by a vibration plus shear output (type 6) with a single cutaneous actuator as shown, and corresponds to the “v” in “victor.” The “/f/” phoneme 1175 is represented by a vibration plus pressure output (type 5) with a single cutaneous actuator as shown, and corresponds to the “f” in “fee.” The “/θ/” phoneme 1176 by a vibration plus pressure output (type 5) with a single cutaneous actuator as shown, and corresponds to the “th” in “theta.”