FIG. 11S is a chart illustrating the vowel phonemes in FIGS. 11K-11Q, and the mapping between the location, duration, and type of the haptic outputs corresponding to each vowel phoneme and the manner of articulation and place of articulation of each vowel phoneme, according to an embodiment. The illustration in FIG. 11S is similar to that of FIG. 11R, but is noted for vowel phonemes instead of the consonant phonemes in FIG. 11S. Here, vowels are divided into their place of articulation: 1) front, 2) central, and 3) back, describing the position of the tongue in the mouth on the transverse plane (i.e., front/anterior of mouth, center of mouth, or back/posterior of mouth) in the formation of the phoneme. The vowels are further divided into 1) high, 2) mid, and 3) low vowels, describing the position of the tongue in the mouth on the frontal plane (i.e., near the roof of the mouth, in-between, or near the bottom of the mouth) in the formation of the vowel. As noted above in the list of rationales, the position of the tongue indicates the appropriate position of the haptic output for a phoneme. Thus, the “/D/” vowel phoneme in “odd” is a central and low vowel, meaning the tongue is nearer to the user's throat, and thus the corresponding haptic output is on the user's upper arm. Note also that some of the haptic outputs, such as the “/u/” in “moon” activate a sequence of haptic outputs that transitions from one array of haptic outputs on one side of the user's forearm to the other side. Such a sequence may be mapped for vowels with certain places of articulation, such the back vowels shown here.
