FIG. 17D is a block diagram of an example envelope encoder 1716 for encoding of speech signals 1706 and transmission to cutaneous actuators 1722, in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 17D includes a rectifier 1748, a low pass filter 1752, a high pass filter 1758, a machine learning engine 1760, a carrier signal generator 1772, and an actuator signal generator 1776. In other embodiments, the envelope encoder 1716 may include additional or fewer components than those described herein. Similarly, the functions can be distributed among the components and/or different entities in a different manner than is described here.
The envelope encoder 1716 may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination thereof. For example, the envelope encoder 1716 may be part of a PC, a tablet PC, an STB, a smartphone, an IoT appliance, or any machine capable of executing instructions that specify actions to be taken by that machine. The envelope encoder 1716 may include one or more processing units (e.g., a CPU, a GPU, a DSP, a controller, a state machine, one or more ASICs, one or more RFICs, or any combination of these) and a memory.