In one embodiment, the actuator signal generator 1776 decomposes the speech signals 1706 into frequency bands. For example, an array of band-pass filters that span the speech spectrum may be used to decompose the speech signals 1706 into the frequency bands. The actuator signal generator 1776 extracts a corresponding temporal envelope (“ENVi”) from each frequency band Fi. Each corresponding temporal envelope ENVi represents changes in amplitude (e.g., 1732) of the frequency band Fi. The actuator signal generator 1776 generates the actuator signals 1718 by encoding changes in the amplitude of the frequency band Fi from each corresponding temporal envelope ENVi into the carrier signals 1774.