In one embodiment, the actuator signal generator 1776 determines a low frequency signal power of the low frequency components 1756 of the speech signals 1706. The actuator signal generator 1776 may determine the low frequency signal power as a sum of the absolute squares of time-domain samples divided by the signal length. The actuator signal generator 1776 similarly determines a high frequency signal power of the high frequency components 1768 of the speech signals 1706. The actuator signal generator 1776 determines a ratio of the high frequency signal power to the low frequency signal power. The actuator signal generator 1776 generates the actuator signals 1718 by encoding the ratio of the high frequency signal power to the low frequency signal power into the carrier signals 1774 as described above. For example, the actuator signal generator 1776 may perform the encoding of the carrier signals 1774 by increasing or decreases the amplitude or frequency of the carrier signals 1774 proportional to the ratio of the high frequency signal power to the low frequency signal power. Encoding the power characteristics of the spectral bands of the speech signals 1706 enables the actuator signals 1718 to capture a more complete description of the linguistic units.
In one embodiment, the actuator signal generator 1776 encodes the haptic cues 1770 into the carrier signals 1774 by altering the frequency of the carrier signals 1774 or altering a number of the cutaneous actuators 1722 activated based on the haptic cues 1770. The actuator signal generator 1776 may encode the haptic cues 1770 into the carrier signals 1774 using any of the methods described above with respect to