Note that the sequence of actuator signals 1111 that are generated are not just patterned based on which cutaneous actuators 1104 to activate in sequence. Instead, the sequence of actuator signals 1111 may also be patterned such that each actuator signal 1111 in the sequence may have a different duration, vibrational frequency, and so on. In addition, the absence of a actuator signal 1111, combined with other actuator signals 1111, may also indicate a particular sequence that corresponds to a phoneme. Thus, the duration of signals, frequency, and the lack of signals, may all contribute to different sequences of actuator signals 1111 that represent different phonemes. Additionally, the actuator signals 1111 may not simply be binary (e.g., on and off) but may be variable instead, allowing the haptic output of the cutaneous actuators 1104 to vary in intensity, and allowing haptic outputs that follow complex patterns and waveforms.