The second buffer layer 126 formed on the second support substrate 300 may be provided on the doped graphene layer 125. The second buffer layer 126 may have a first surface being in contact with the second support substrate 300 and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The second surface of the second buffer layer 126 may face a top surface of the doped graphene layer 125.
Referring to
An ion implantation process may be performed on the substrate 100 to implant hydrogen ions H+ into the second buffer layer 126. In this manner, in accordance with principles of inventive concepts a bubble layer may be formed in the second buffer layer 126 to define an interface L at which the second buffer layer 126 can be physically divided. Second buffer layer 126 may be divided into an upper portion UP adjacent to the second support substrate 300 and a lower portion LP adjacent to the doped graphene layer 125 by interface L.