The barrier layer 132 may include a material of which an energy band gap is greater than that of the channel layer 128. That is, in exemplary embodiments in accordance with principles of inventive concepts, the channel layer 128 may include the material of which the energy band gap is smaller than those of the barrier layer 132 and the second buffer layer 126. As a result, in accordance with principles of inventive concepts, the channel layer 128 may have a quantum well structure. The barrier layer 132 may include silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), silicon-germanium (SiGe), or a III-V group compound. In other exemplary embodiments, the barrier layer 132 may be omitted.
Referring to