Solar array module 300 is connected to a power DC/DC converter/transformer 306 which includes MOSFET transistors or other type of transistors arranged in a push-pull configuration, wherein the operational duty cycle of the transistors is constant and there is a dead time for preventing the fast transistors from conducting simultaneously between the switching time ON to OFF or OFF to ON of the transistors. This, yields a duty cycle that is just less than 50%, such as any of 48% or 49%, or 49.9% or other values between 42% and just below 50%, or between 43% and just below 50%, such as up to 49.9% and just below 50%.

FIG. 3B is an alternate illustration of solar array module 300 of FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3B, module 300 includes solar cells 302 electrically arranged in a matrix of electrical rows (ER1, ER2, and ER3) and columns (C1, C2). For example, ER3 includes cells A and L. Thus the physical rows and electrical rows only partially overlap. In the electrical matrix the cells 302 in each column are connected in series and the cells 302 of each electrical row (ER1, ER2, and ER3) are connected in parallel by crossing connections 310 such as 310a and 310b. The electrical matrix shown in FIG. 3B is thus a crisscross matrix. For the sake of clarity, it should be noted that crossing connections 310 that are shown as intersecting one another (such as at point 312 in FIG. 3A) do not make electrical contact. Junctions of electrical connection are shown as a black dot as at 314. This convention is consistent across all figures presented.