FIG. 2 illustrates an electrical circuit 200 that is used to model the EL device 100. The first electrode 110, the second electrode 120 and the electroluminescence layer 130 all behave like capacitors in series. The first capacitor 202 is the electric double layer (EDL) between the first metal conductor 114 and the first hydrogel 112, in the first electrode 110. The first resistor 212 is the resistance of the first hydrogel 112. The second capacitor 204 is the capacitor formed by the first electrode 110, second electrode 120 and the electroluminescent layer 130. The second resistor 214 is the resistance of the second hydrogel 122. The third capacitor 206 is defined by the electric double layer (EDL) between the second metal conductor 124 and the second hydrogel 122. In order to evaluate the performance of the circuit, these capacitors are assumed to be linear. The electrical circuit 200 can be defined as Q=C₁V₁=C₂V₂=C₃V₃, where Q is the charges and C, V respectively represent the corresponding capacitance and voltage of each layer. The capacitance of the electroluminescence layer is lower than the capacitance of the EDL layers in the first and second electrodes in a lower frequency range, i.e. the second capacitor 204 has a lower capacitance than the first capacitor 202 and the third capacitor 206. This causes the charge to be concentrated on the electroluminescence layer. In addition the net capacitance of the circuit 200 is dominated by the first capacitor 202 and the third capacitor 206.