In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include increasing the switching frequency of the switch for each of the plurality of stages based on the detected output current.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include decreasing the switching frequency of the switch for each of the plurality of stages based on the detected output current.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include using a reference voltage and the capacitor voltage at each of the plurality of stages, wherein the comparison is used to charge the capacitor.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include independently charging each stage is controlled by the controller

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include using a comparison to deactivate the current source for each of the plurality of stages.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include performing temperature compensation using at least one of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistors or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include operating a pull-in and hold selection section to set a mode of operation for an actuator, wherein the mode is selected based on the logic controller.