In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include a current source that is configured to independently charge each stage controlled by the controller if the reference voltage is not reached.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include using a comparison to deactivate the current source for each of the plurality of stages if the reference voltage is exceeded.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include performing temperature compensation using at least one of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistors or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include using a pull-in and hold selection section that is configured to set a mode of operation for an actuator, wherein the mode is selected based on the controller.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include operating each current source of the plurality of stages as a current mirror, wherein a current for each of the plurality of stages is equal to or proportional to a reference current.

In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments include a voltage differential amplifier that is coupled to the capacitor of the plurality of stages and provide the output to the comparator.