In this example, the conductive layer 107 may be formed by vapor depositing the conductive material on the upper portion or a lower portion of the upper electrode 105. In more detail, the conductive layer 107 may be formed by vapor depositing the conductive material on the lower portion of the upper electrode 105 that corresponds to the upper portion of the piezoelectric layer 104.
In still another example, the conductive layer 106 may be formed at the upper electrode 105, whereas the conductive layer 107 is formed at the lower electrode 102.