An exemplary non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for a network entity is disclosed. The computer-executable instructions comprise one or more instructions causing the network entity to determine a network total group delay (GD) comprising a network transmission GD and a network reception GD. The network transmission GD may indicate a time interval between a measured transmission time of a network Tx signal transmitted from the network entity and an actual transmission time of the network Tx signal leaving the network entity. The network reception GD may indicate a time interval between an actual arrival time of a network Rx signal at the network entity and a measured arrival time of the network Rx signal at the network entity. The computer-executable instructions also comprise one or more instructions causing the network entity to transmit, to a user equipment (UE), one or more round trip time (RTT) measurement (RTTM) signals on RTTM resources comprising downlink (DL) physical layer resources. Each RTTM signal may comprise an RTTM waveform. The computer-executable instructions further comprise one or more instructions causing the network entity to receive, from the UE, one or more RTT response (RTTR) signals on RTTR resources comprising uplink (UL) physical layer resources. Each RTTR signal may correspond to one or more of the transmitted RTTM signals and may comprise an RTTR waveform and an RTTR payload. The computer-executable instructions yet further comprise one or more instructions causing the network entity to determine an RTT between the UE and the network entity based on the RTTM signal(s), the RTTR signal(s), and the network total GD.