Note again that although image processing module 212 is shown associated with AR device 210, image processing module 231 is associated with mobile computing resource(s) 230, and image processing module(s) 244 is associated with remote computing resource(s) 240, this represents one distributed embodiment only of the concepts disclosed. For instance, in one or more other embodiments, AR device 210 may be in communication with mobile computing resource(s) which processes the image and provides the augmented real world field of view for display to the user, and/or can be in communication with remote computing resource(s) 240 for image processing module 244 to process the image data and provide the augmented real world field of view for display to the user through the AR device. Note that one or more of the image processing modules of AR device 210, mobile computing resource(s) 230, and/or remote computing resource(s) 240 can include program code to execute on one or more processors to implement processing as described herein to, for instance, allow an individual with an anxiety disorder to continue to function in the real world, while simultaneously helping the individual in addressing the disorder through conditioning tailored specifically to the user's current level of stress. This is accomplished by selectively overlaying or hiding one or more identified stress-inducing elements for the user within the user's augmented field of view as seen through the AR device.