The perovskite precursor ink for this experiment was prepared by mixing 0.53 g of PbI2 (TCI Chemicals), 0.19 g of methyl ammonium iodide (MAI, Dyesol) and 0.0176 g of 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide (5-AVAI, Dyesol) in 1 ml of gamma-butyrolactone (Sigma Aldrich) in a glass vial under a laboratory fume hood. The glass vial was sealed and placed for stirring for 30 min on a preheated (at 70° C.) hot-plate. The ingredients were completely dissolved and a clear yellow solution was obtained that was allowed to cool down to room temperature. The ink was then transferred to the inkjet printer cartridge. The perovskite precursor ink remained stable both in glass vial and in the printer cartridge for more than 2 weeks and no precipitation or precipitation of the solutes was observed. Table 1 below shows the characteristics of the perovskite precursor ink.
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