However, one key characteristic of 5-AVAI and related compounds as specified in this specification was not highlighted before this report: it significantly slows down the perovskite precipitation before and after the deposition of the precursor ink thus preventing the inkjet printer cartridge from clogging and provides an opportunity for precise patterning and controlled volume dispensing of precursor ink.
The capabilities of the precursor ink printed or infiltrated through inkjet printer are depicted in FIGS. 2 A-C where high quality precise patterning of logos of all the collaborators of this work, along with the printing of the QR-code and bitmap version of a digital image was performed over commonly available Xerox paper (FIG. 2 C). These demonstrations have been attributed due to precise dispensing of known volumes of the perovskite precursor ink which were also used to tune the photovoltaic performance of carbon based PSCs in this experiment while keeping the thickness of separator layer (here ZrO2) constant (FIGS. 2A and 2B).