As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the higher is the order parameter (degree of orientation (S)) of the light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer, the higher is the PL retention, and in Experimental Example 1, in which the order parameter is 0.7 or more, the PL retention is particularly excellent. This is surmised to be because when the order parameter is 0.7 or more, the proportion of the emission of the component that undergoes quenching by metals is reduced significantly, and the efficiency of light extraction to the outside (glass substrate) is improved. Therefore, an element with an order parameter of at least 0.7, as in the present invention, allows a higher external quantum efficiency to be attained than a conventional element that does not satisfy such an order parameter condition.
A glass substrate (OA-10, made by Nippon Electric Glass Co., surface resistance of 10 ohms/square (also referred to as Ω/sq.), refractive index of 1.47) having an ITO film measuring 2.5 cm2 and 0.5 mm thick was put into a washing vessel and ultrasonically washed in 2-propanol, after which it was subjected to treatment with UV-ozone for 30 minutes. The following organic layers were sequentially deposited onto this transparent anode (ITO film) by a vacuum vapor deposition method:
First layer (hole injection layer): HIL-1; film thickness of 10 nm
Second layer (hole transport layer): HTL-1; film thickness of 50 nm
Third layer (light-emitting layer): E-1 and H-1 (weight ratio of 9:91); film thickness of 30 nm
Fourth layer (first electron transport layer): Balq; film thickness of 5 nm