Over this, lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited in a thickness of 1 nm, followed by metallic aluminum in a thickness of 70 nm, which gave a cathode. Note that the lithium fluoride (1 nm) constitutes a layer located between the light-emitting layer and the cathode, but because it is an inorganic layer, it is not included in the thickness of the second intermediate organic layer of the present application.
This laminate was put in a glove box that had been replaced with nitrogen gas without coming into contact with the air, and was sealed using a glass sealing jar and a UV-setting adhesive (XNR5516HV, made by Nagase Chiba), which gave the element of Working Example 9.
Other than changing as follows, the element of Comparative Example 13 was obtained in the same manner as in Working Example 9:
First layer (hole injection layer): HIL-2; film thickness of 95 nm
Second layer (hole transport layer): HTL-2; film thickness of 30 nm
The external quantum efficiency and the power efficiency of the elements of Working Example 9 and Comparative Example 13 were calculated in the same manner as in Working Example 1. Relative values with the results of Comparative Example 13 being used as the references are given in Table 8 below along with the order parameter (degree of orientation (S)) of the light-emitting material as well as the T1, the T2, the T1/T2 value, and the maximum emission wavelength of the light-emitting material, for each element.