FIG. 11 exhibits the obtained transparent conductive Ag NW PUA film. As shown, a PS-PMMA-PS/EMIM TFSI ionic gel will be printed on the fabricated Ag NW transparent conductive film (TCF) to act as the dielectric layer. PS-PMMA-PS/EMIM TFSI has demonstrated high conductance from P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) TFTs for driving OLEDs at 4 V support voltage and sub-1 V driving voltage. (See, e.g., J. H. Cho, et al., Nature Materials, vol. 7, pp. 900-906, 2008; Y. Xia, et al., Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 20, pp. 587-594, 2010; and D. Braga , et al., Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 22, pp. 1623-1631, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.) The ionic liquid can penetrate into the active layer, which will behave as a light emitting electrochemical cell (LEC). (See, e.g., Q. Pei, et al., Science, vol. 269, pp. 1086-1088, 1995, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.) Printed PS-PMMA-PS/EMIM TFSI ionic gel on Ag NW TCF will be stacked on printed Ag NW networks on a glass slide. After drying PS-PMMA-PS/EMIM TFSI ionic gel, Ag NW TCF will be peeled off from the glass slide to obtain a Ag NW electrodes sandwiched ionic gel. PEDOT/PSS will be printed on another fabricated Ag NW transparent conductive film. After drying a PEDOT/PSS coated Ag NW film under vacuum, 200 nm thick LEPs (blue: PFO, green: super-yellow, red: MEH-PPV) will be printed to serve as the active layers.