In some designs, it may be preferable during the so-called cell “formation” to “cure” the SEI (e.g., to induce additional cross-linking within the SEI) on the (nano)composite volume changing anode after the first charge (e.g., when the anode is in the partially or fully expanded state). The “curing” process may be conducted at an elevated temperature (e.g., compared to the initial temperature of the charge-discharge cycle). In some designs, formation of free radicals (and/or the cross-linking within the SEI) may require heating the cell to a temperature in the range of around 30° C. to around 100° C. at least during some part of the “curing” process. In some designs, the “curing” process may range from around 1 minute to around one week. In some designs, the “curing” process may be conducted at both the partially or fully charged state and during at least part of the discharge. In some designs, the “curing” process may be conducted after the second charge (e.g., similarly, at the partially or fully charged state of the cell and/or during at least a portion of the discharge). In some designs, the “curing” process may be conducted after the third charge or later charge (e.g., similarly, at the partially or fully charged state of the cell and/or during at least a portion of the discharge).