After the preparation of the PANa hydrogel 102, a concentrated solution of Zn(CH₃COO)₂ (0.2 M) and KOH (6 M) are vastly absorbed by the PANa, serving as a regulator of water and ion content in the synthesized PANa hydrogel electrolyte 106. In addition, the polymer 102 comprises an electronegative function group, such as an acrylate group, to interact with electropositive ions produced on the electrode during an operation of the battery, therefore may efficiently suppress a formation of dendrites on a metal electrode in the battery.

With reference to FIG. 3, the polymer 102 may also immobilize the electropositive ions 104 produced on the electrode 108 based on an electrostatic interaction between the electronegative functional group 110 and the electropositive ions 106. Preferably, the electropositive ions 104 (the Zn²⁺ ions as shown in FIG. 3) are immobilized at an interface between the ion-conducting material 106 and the electrode 108 by the acrylate groups 110 of the polymer 102.