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Electrolytes for a metal-ion battery cell with high-capacity, micron-scale, volume-changing anode particles

專利號
US11177509B2
公開日期
2021-11-16
申請人
Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.（US CA Alameda）
發(fā)明人
Gleb Yushin; Ashleigh Ward
IPC分類
H01M10/0569; H01M4/525; H01M4/505; H01M10/0568; H01M10/0525; H01M4/38
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域
elr,vol,in,li,lmp,about,solvent,anode,fec,solvents
地域： CA CA Alameda

摘要

In an embodiment, a metal-ion battery cell comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator, and electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The anode electrode is a high-capacity electrode (e.g., in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2) and the cathode electrode comprises an intercalation-type active material including at least Li, one or more metals, and oxygen. The electrolyte includes a solvent composition having low-melting point (LMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 10 vol. % to about 95 vol. % of the solvent composition.

說明書

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. § 119

The present application for patent claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/557,449, entitled “Improved Electrolytes for Automotive Cells with High-Capacity Anodes based on Micron-Scale Volume-Changing Particles,” filed Sep. 12, 2017, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates generally to energy storage devices, and more particularly to battery technology and the like.

Background

Owing in part to their relatively high energy densities, relatively high specific energy, light weight, and potential for long lifetimes, advanced rechargeable batteries are desirable for a wide range of consumer electronics, electric vehicle, grid storage and other important applications.

However, despite the increasing commercial prevalence of batteries, further development of these batteries is needed, particularly for applications in low- or zero-emission, hybrid-electrical or fully-electrical vehicles, consumer electronics, wearable devices, energy-efficient cargo ships and locomotives, drones, aerospace applications, and power grids. In particular, further improvements are desired for various rechargeable batteries, such as rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries, rechargeable Na and Na-ion batteries, rechargeable K and K-ion batteries, rechargeable Ca and Ca-ion batteries, and rechargeable Mg and Mg-ion batteries, to name a few.

權(quán)利要求

1
The invention claimed is:1. A metal-ion battery cell, comprising:an anode electrode with a capacity loading in the range of about 4 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and comprising anode particles including an active material and that have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 40 microns, the active material comprising one or more of silicon, germanium, antimony, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, gallium, arsenic, phosphorous, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, lead, bismuth, or an alloy thereof;a cathode electrode comprising an intercalation-type active material including at least Li, one or more metals, and oxygen;a separator electrically separating the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; andan electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises a metal-ion salt composition and a solvent composition, the solvent composition comprising a low-melting point solvent composition with a melting point in the range from about ?140° C. to about ?60° C. and is in the range from about 10 vol. % to about 95 vol. % of the solvent composition.2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the intercalation-type active material comprises lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), or a mixture thereof.3. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the low-melting point solvent composition comprises one or more phosphorous-comprising solvents, one or more cyclic or linear esters, one or more cyclic or linear ethers, one or more fluorinated solvents, one or more anhydrides, or a combination thereof.4. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the low-melting point solvent composition is in the range from about 20 vol. % to about 60 vol. % of the solvent composition.5. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the low-melting point solvent composition comprises one or more low-melting point solvents that comprise, on average, 4 to 6 carbon atoms in their molecular structure.6. The battery cell of claim 5, wherein the one or more low-melting point solvents contribute to at least about 50 vol. % of all low-melting point solvents in the electrolyte.7. The battery cell of claim 1,wherein the low-melting point solvent composition in the solvent composition is at least partially fluorinated.8. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the solvent composition further includes an additive solvent or solvent mixture.9. The battery cell of claim 8,wherein the additive solvent or solvent mixture is in the range from about 0 vol. % to about 5 vol. % of the solvent composition, andwherein the additive solvent or solvent mixture comprises vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, trimethylsilyl polyphosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, or lithium bis(oxalate)borate.10. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the metal-ion salt composition is present in the electrolyte at a concentration in the range of about 1.0 M to about 1.8 M.11. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the metal-ion salt composition comprises LiPF6 or LiFSI.12. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the metal-ion salt composition comprises two or more metal-ion salts.13. The battery cell of claim 12, wherein the two or more metal-ion salts comprise LiPF6 and LiFSI.14. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the anode particles have a specific surface area in the range of about 0.5 m2/g to about 50 m2/g.15. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the anode particles exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 600 mAh/g to about 2600 mAh/g.16. The battery cell of claim 1,wherein the anode particles include an Si-comprising conversion-type active material, orwherein the anode particles include an Si-comprising alloying-type.17. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein an amount of binder in the anode electrode is in the range from about 0.5 wt. % to about 14 wt. %.18. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein a binder in the anode electrode swells by less than about 30 vol. % when exposed to the electrolyte.19. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the battery cell is a Li-ion battery cell.20. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode electrode exhibits a highest charging potential in the range from about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ to about 5.1 V vs. Li/Li+.
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