In an embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the management module 200 further includes a housing 201 and a management circuit board 203.

The housing 201 defines an inner chamber 202 therein, and is coupled to a leading or trailing one of the battery modules 100 to permit the thermal management fluid to flow through the inner chamber 202.

In an embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the housing 201 is coupled to the outer casing 102 of the leading one of the battery modules 100 to permit the thermal management fluid in the inner chamber 202 to be introduced into the accommodation space 103 of the leading one of the battery modules 100. The management circuit board 203 is mounted inside the inner chamber 202 to be submerged in the thermal management fluid, and functions to manage the information received from the sensing unit 300.

In an embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a single sensing unit 300 is provided, and includes a connectivity sensor 301, a flow meter 302, a plurality of pressure sensors 303, and a plurality of temperature sensors 304.