Some embodiments provide for a device comprising: a first transmit antenna configured to transmit, to a target device, a first radio-frequency (RF) signal circularly polarized in a first rotational direction; a first receive antenna configured to receive, from the target device, a second RF signal circularly polarized in a second rotational direction different from the first rotational direction; and circuitry configured to determine a first distance between the device and the target device using the first RF signal and the second RF signal.
Some embodiments provide for a device comprising: a substrate; a semiconductor die mounted on the substrate; a transmit antenna fabricated on the substrate and configured to transmit radio-frequency (RF) signals at least at a first center frequency; a receive antenna fabricated on the substrate and configured to receive RF signals at least at a second center frequency different than the first center frequency; and circuitry integrated with the semiconductor die and configured to provide RF signals to the transmit antenna and to receive RF signals from the receive antenna.