FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment including an illustrative end-user device (100), which includes a processor (2010), persistent and transient memories (2020), hardware network interfaces (2040a, 2040b), operating system (“OS”) (2050), and specialized application programs for IP route management (2030), packet redirection detection (2032), and a historical packet times database (2034). Included, either within the operating system or a standalone system, is an IP stack (2055), including IP protocol software (e.g. the IP stack), ARP table (2056), an interface/routing table (2057), a sent packet memory (part of memory 2020), and at least one network interface software (not shown) that interfaces to one or more of the network interface(s) (e.g. 2040a, 2040b). The IP protocol software updates and maintains the ARP table with Media Access Control (MAC)/IP address maps (e.g. the rows of the ARP table) that are used to convert between IP address and the low level network MAC address, and updates the interface/routing table using the IP address parameters of the network interface(s) (e.g., 2040a, 2040b). The illustrative end-user device further includes application programs (e.g. 2030, 2032, 2034) as described below that interface with the IP-based network server using the IP protocol via the IP stack, at least one network interface, and the network (not shown).