Bluetooth low energy (BTLE) wireless technology was designed from the outset to be a ULP technology whereas classic Bluetooth technology is a “l(fā)ow power” wireless technology. This difference dictates that the operational characteristics of Bluetooth low energy wireless technology and classic Bluetooth wireless technology are opposites. Classic Bluetooth wireless technology is a “connection oriented” radio with a fixed connection interval ideal for high activity links like mobile phones communicating with wireless headsets. Among several measures to reduce the power consumption, BTLE wireless technology employs a variable connection interval that can be set from a few milliseconds to several seconds depending on the application. In addition, because it features a very rapid connection, Bluetooth low energy wireless technology can normally be in a “not connected” state (saving power) where the two ends of a link are aware of each other, but only link up when necessary and then for as short a time as possible.
There are three characteristics of Bluetooth low energy technology that underlie its ULP performance: (i) maximized standby time, (ii) fast connection, and (iii) low peak transmit/receive power. Bluetooth low energy technology uses just three “advertising” channels to search for other devices or promote its own presence to devices that might be looking to make a connection. In comparison, classic Bluetooth wireless technology uses 32 channels. This means Bluetooth low energy wireless technology has to switch “on” for just 0.6 to 1.2 ms to scan for other devices, while classic Bluetooth wireless technology requires 22.5 ms to scan its 32 channels. Consequently, Bluetooth low energy wireless technology uses 10 to 20 times less power than classic Bluetooth wireless technology to locate other radios.