Once connected, Bluetooth low energy wireless technology switches to one of its 37 data channels. During the short data transmission period the radio switches between channels in a pseudo-random pattern using the Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) technology pioneered by classic Bluetooth wireless technology (although classic Bluetooth wireless technology uses 79 Bluetooth low energy wireless technology features a raw data bandwidth of 1 Mbps)—greater bandwidth allows more information to be sent in less time. A competing technology that features a bandwidth of 250 kbps, for example, has to be “on” for eight times as long (using more battery energy) to send the same amount of information. Bluetooth low energy wireless technology can “complete” a connection (i.e., scan for other devices, link, send data, authenticate and “gracefully” terminate) in just 3 ms. With classic Bluetooth wireless technology, a similar connection cycle is measured in hundreds of milliseconds; more time on air requires more energy from the battery.
Bluetooth low energy wireless technology also keeps a lid on peak power in two other ways: by employing more “relaxed” RF parameters than classic Bluetooth wireless technology, and by sending very short packets.
When using BTLE to communicate vehicular status data to one or more mobile devices, there are several things to consider. By default, BTLE allows for the communication of data without requiring pairing. The BTLE specification also allows for multiple devices to be simultaneously connected and sharing data. However, in practice, it has been found that most BTLE modules on the market can only support one device connected at a time. This introduces issues if more than one person or mobile device is in the cabin of the vehicle. To overcome this limitation, several workaround methods have been developed.