Incidentally, in a case in which the number of characteristics-acquired gradation values is one (for example, in a case in which the gradation value of 0.5 is only the characteristics-acquired gradation value), the square error E(i) obtained in the above Equation (6) can be directly adopted as a difference value for the i-th sample color Ci.
In contrast, in a case in which the number of characteristics-acquired gradation values is 2 or more, the square error is obtained by the above Equation (6) for each of the characteristics-acquired gradation values, and for example, an average value of these square errors is adopted as a difference value. For example, if the number of characteristics-acquired gradation values is three, three square errors are obtained, and an average value of these three square errors is adopted as a difference value. Note that a weighted average value of the square errors may be adopted as a difference value in place of such a simple average value of the square errors.
After Step S130 is ended, a sample color from which a minimum difference value (square error) is obtained in Step S130 among the plurality of sample colors is selected as the reference color (Step S140). That is, in the present embodiment, a sample color for which the spectral reflectances of the characteristics-acquired gradation value for the prediction target color can be predicted with highest accuracy using the first relational equation among the plurality of sample colors is selected as the reference color.