As an alternative embodiment, the first inorganic film 310a and the second inorganic film 310b may be stacked to form the thin film encapsulation layer 300 in the opening portion OP, and in this case, the first layer of the barrier B may include the first inorganic film 310a and the second inorganic film 310b.

At least one valley V exposing a surface of the substrate 100 may be formed by partially removing the touch insulating film 430 and the thin film encapsulation layer 300 in the barrier B during the forming of the barrier B.

As illustrated in FIG. 4B, two valleys V may be formed in the barrier B. Accordingly, two portions exposing the substrate 100 may be formed in the barrier B, and thus, the barrier B may be formed to be split into three pillars.

The display apparatus manufacturing method according to the present embodiment may reduce or prevent the propagation of a crack by partially removing the touch insulating film 430 and the thin film encapsulation layer 300 formed of an inorganic material to expose the substrate 100.

Also, time and cost may be saved because the barrier B and the valley V may be formed in the opening portion OP concurrently with the forming of the touch contact hole TCH without an additional process.

Next, referring to FIG. 4C, a touch line 450 may be formed in/over the touch contact hole TCH. The touch line 450 may contact the touch electrode 410 through the touch contact hole TCH, and the touch line 450 may include any line that is physically or electrically connected to the touch electrode 410.