In some embodiments, an enhancement layer may have more than one reference layers, e.g. a first reference layer and a second reference layer, and an enhancement layer may have a different scalability relation to its reference layers. In other words, an enhancement layer may be an enhancement of a first scalability type for its first reference layer and an enhancement of a second scalability type for its second reference layer. For example, an enhancement layer may be a spatial enhancement layer for a non-base view and it may have for example two reference layers, e.g. the spatial base layer for the same view and the spatial enhancement layer of the base view (having e.g. the same resolution as that of the enhancement layer of the non-base view). In another example, an enhancement layer may be a non-base depth view and it may have for example two reference layers, e.g. the texture view of the same viewpoint and the base depth view.