The predictive motion vector may be obtained by applying a predefined function (e.g., a function for calculating a median, an average, or the like) to the predictive motion vector candidates. In this case, the video decoding apparatus also knows the predefined function. Since the neighboring blocks used to derive the predictive motion vector candidates have already been encoded and decoded, the video decoding apparatus already knows the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks as well. Accordingly, the video encoding apparatus does not need to encode information for identifying the predictive motion vector candidates. Therefore, in this case, the information about the motion vector difference and the information about the reference picture used to predict the current block are encoded.
The predictive motion vector may be determined by selecting any one of the predictive motion vector candidates. In this case, information for identifying the selected predictive motion vector candidate is further encoded along with the information about the motion vector difference and the information about the reference picture used to predict the current block.