The decoder 310 extracts information about the CTU size from the sequence parameter set (SPS) or the picture parameter set (PPS), determines the size of the CTU, and splits a picture into CTUs of the determined size. Then, the decoder determines the CTU as the uppermost layer, that is, the root node, of a tree structure, and extracts splitting information about the CTU to split the CTU using the tree structure. For example, when the CTU is split using a QTBT structure, a first flag (QT_split_flag) related to splitting of the QT is extracted to split each node into four nodes of a sub-layer. For a node corresponding to the leaf node of the QT, a second flag (BT_split_flag) and the split type information related to splitting of the BT are extracted to split the leaf node into a BT structure.
Upon determining a current block to be decoded through splitting of the tree structure, the decoder 310 extracts information about the prediction type indicating whether the current block is intra-predicted or inter-predicted.
When the prediction type information indicates intra-prediction, the decoder 310 extracts a syntax element for the intra-prediction information (intra-prediction mode) about the current block.