When the prediction type information indicates inter-prediction, the decoder 310 extracts a syntax element for the inter-prediction information. First, the decoder extracts mode information indicating an encoding mode in which the motion information about the current block is encoded among a plurality of encoding modes. Here, the plurality of encoding modes includes a merge mode and a motion vector difference encoding mode. When the mode information indicates the merge mode, the decoder 310 extracts, as the syntax element for the motion information, merge index information indicating a merge candidate from which the motion vector of the current block is to be derived among the merge candidates. On the other hand, when the mode information indicates the motion vector difference encoding mode, the decoder 310 extracts, as the syntax element for the motion vector, the information about the motion vector difference and the information about the reference picture to which the motion vector of the current block refers. When the video encoding apparatus uses one of the plurality of predictive motion vector candidates as a predictive motion vector of the current block, the predictive motion vector identification information is included in the bitstream. Therefore, in this case, not only the information about the motion vector difference and the reference picture but also the predictive motion vector identification information is extracted as the syntax element for the motion vector.
The decoder 310 extracts information about the quantized transform coefficients of the current block as information about the residual signal.