On the other hand, when the mode information indicates the motion vector difference encoding mode, the inter-predictor 344 derives predictive motion vector candidates using the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block, and determines a predictive motion vector for the motion vector of the current block using the predictive motion vector candidates. The inter-predictor 344 derives the predictive motion vector candidates in the same manner as in the case of the inter-predictor 124 of the video encoding apparatus. In the case where the video encoding apparatus uses one of the plurality of predictive motion vector candidates as the predictive motion vector of the current block, the syntax element for the motion information includes predictive motion vector identification information. Therefore, in this case, the inter-predictor 344 may select a candidate indicated by the predictive motion vector identification information among the predictive motion vector candidates as the predictive motion vector. However, when the video encoding apparatus determines the predictive motion vector by applying a predefined function to the plurality of predictive motion vector candidates, the inter-predictor 344 may determine the predictive motion vector using the same function as used by the video encoding apparatus. Once the predictive motion vector of the current block is determined, the inter-predictor 344 adds the predictive motion vector and the motion vector difference transmitted from the decoder 310 to determine the motion vector of the current block. The reference picture referred to by the motion vector of the current block is determined using the information about the reference picture delivered from the decoder 310.