A light-emitting device having this structure can have higher outcoupling efficiency and higher external quantum efficiency than a light-emitting device having a conventional structure, however, it is not easy to form such a layer with a low refractive index in an EL layer without adversely affecting other critical characteristics of the light-emitting device. This is because a low refractive index is in a trade-off relationship with a high carrier-transport property or high reliability of a light-emitting device including a layer with a low refractive index. This problem is caused because the carrier-transport property and reliability of an organic compound largely depend on an unsaturated bond, and an organic compound having many unsaturated bonds tends to have a high refractive index.
A color conversion method has been employed for practical use of displays. A color conversion method is a method in which a photoluminescent substance is irradiated with light from light-emitting devices to convert the light into light of desired colors. Depending on the photoluminescence efficiency, the energy loss and the power consumption of displays using a color conversion method are likely to be lower than those of displays using a color filter method in which light from light-emitting devices is simply reduced.