Furthermore, the HOMO level of BPAFLP used for the hole-transport layer is ?5.51 eV. Therefore, it is found that the HOMO level of the third organic compound used for the hole-transport layer is lower than the HOMO level of PCBBiF that is the second organic compound and is located between the HOMO level of PCBBiF that is the second organic compound and the HOMO level of the first organic compound (2PCCzPDBq-02). This is important because holes are injected not only into the second organic compound but also partly into the first organic compound.
In this example, as a synthesis method of one embodiment of the present invention, a synthesis method of 2-{3′-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]biphenyl-3-yl}dibenzo[f,h]quin oxaline (abbreviation: 2mPCCzBPDBq, represented by the structural formula (122)) will be described. The structure of 2mPCCzBPDBq is shown below.
First, 2.0 g (4.3 mmol) of 2-(3′-bromobiphenyl-3-yl)dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline, 1.8 g (4.3 mmol) of 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole, and 0.83 g (8.6 mmol) of sodium-tert-butoxide were put in a 100-mL three-neck flask and mixed, and the air in the flask was replaced with nitrogen. To this mixture was added 22 mL of mesitylene, and the resulting mixture was degassed by being stirred while the pressure in the flask was reduced.