Large-scale electrical systems 100 may be understood as combined power generation, power distribution, and power usage systems which together are employed in large-scale applications. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary large-scale electrical system 100, which may for example be a ship-board electrical system. Such large-scale electrical systems 100 may include, for example and without limitation: large ships (military vessels, cargo vessels, passenger liners or large yachts), factories, multi-dwelling unit buildings (apartment complexes and condominiums), office buildings, school buildings, research labs, and other environments which typically entail kilowatt-or-greater power demands. For some such large-scale power systems 100, the primary power source(s) 110.1 may be located off-site (such as a common power generation plant shared by an entire city); for other such large-scale power systems, the primary power generation sources 110.1 may be local (for example, a ship with its own generators, or a campus powered by solar power panels).

Electrical system 100 may include, for example and without limitation: (I) power resources 110 and (II) power converters 500. These are discussed further immediately below.

(I) Power resources 110 refer generally to any electrical sub-system which is either:

(i) a source 110.1 of electric power (including for example and without limitation: a battery, an ultracapacitor, other forms of energy storage modules, a multi-function energy storage module (MFESM), an electric generator, solar power panels, an electric power grid); or