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- refining one or more of the transform coefficients in the first transform block by adding one or more offset values, to obtain a refined first transform block, the one or more offset values being derived based on transform coefficients that are in the second transform block and are co-located with the one or more of the transform coefficients in the first transform block;
- determining a target transform kernel for the refined first transform block;
- performing a reverse transform on the refined first transform block based on the target transform kernel to obtain a target block; and
- reconstructing the first color component of the video block based on at least the target block.
In the embodiments and implementation of this disclosure, any steps and/or operations may be combined or arranged in any amount or order, as desired. Two or more of the steps and/or operations may be performed in parallel. Embodiments and implementations in the disclosure may be used separately or combined in any order. Further, each of the methods (or embodiments), an encoder, and a decoder may be implemented by processing circuitry (e.g., one or more processors or one or more integrated circuits). In one example, the one or more processors execute a program that is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium.