A default credential server (DCS) 600 may pre-configure a default UE credential and a unique UE identifier for the UE 200 and store related information. The DCS 600 may be requested from the O-SNPN network 800 to perform authentication on the UE 200 when performing UE registration for onboarding. This authentication may be performed using a default UE credential. To determine whether the UE 200 is authorized to receive user subscription data when a provisioning server (PS) 500 transmits the user subscription data to the UE 200, the DCS 600 may be requested to perform authentication/authorization on the UE 200 from the PS 500. The DCS 600 may be a manufacturer of the UE 200 or a 3rd party related to the manufacturer or an SNPN operator.

The PS 500 may receive the user subscription data such as network credential and user configuration information from a network operator and transmits the received user subscription data to the UE 200. The PS 500 may exist as one server together with the DCS 600 and an ownership thereof may be a manufacturer of the UE 200 or a 3rd party related to the manufacturer or an SNPN operator like the DCS 600. Authentication/authorization with respect to the UE may be performed through communication with the DCS 600.

An SNPN network 700 owning the user subscription data may transmit the user subscription data to the UE 200 through the PS server 500. This network operator may have in advance identifier information of UEs that are to provide the user subscription data.

FIG. 3 illustrates a procedure for onboarding a UE for the UE to receive the user subscription data according to an embodiment of the disclosure.