Electrochemical energy storage devices
摘要
說(shuō)明書
As the electrolyte thickness is increased, embodiments may experience reduced device performance. For example, depending on the energy storage device chemistry and/or working ion, an electrolyte thickness may correlate, at least in part, with the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. At some particular thickness, however, the electrolyte may exhibit a dramatic change in ionic conductivity, making such an electrolyte unsuitable for use in an energy storage device. For example, depending on the particular electrolyte composition used in some embodiments, the maximum useful electrolyte thickness may be about 500 nm, about 550 nm, about 600 nm, about 650 nm, or less than about 700 nm. Each particular electrolyte composition may exhibit a “cut-off” thickness value above which the electrolyte exhibits conductivity properties comparable to the bulk, such as where an ionic conductivity is unsuitable for use in an energy storage device, and below which the electrolyte exhibits conductivity properties different from the bulk, such as where the ionic conductivity is about 10× greater or more, about 100× greater or more, about 1000× greater or more, about 10000× greater or more, or about 100000× greater or more than the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte in the bulk. In some embodiments, a solid electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity at about 25° C. that is about 1000 times greater or more than a bulk ionic conductivity for the solid electrolyte. Optionally, the bulk ionic conductivity for the solid electrolyte corresponds to a conductivity of ions at about 25° C. for the solid electrolyte having a thickness greater than about 700 nm. To provide advantageous performance, at about 25° C., the solid electrolyte optionally exhibits an ionic conductivity selected from about 0.000001 S·cm?1 to about 0.2 S·cm?1, or optionally exhibits an ionic conductivity in excess of about 0.00001 S·cm?1 at about 25° C. Optionally, the solid electrolyte exhibits, at about 25° C., an ionic conductivity selected from about 0.00001 S·cm?1 to about 0.15 S·cm?1, selected from about 0.0001 S·cm?1 to about 0.1 S·cm?1, selected from about 0.001 S·cm?1 to about 0.05 S·cm?1. It will be appreciated that the electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte, at about 25° C. will be very small, such as from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?6 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?7 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?8 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?9 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?10 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?11 S·cm?1, from about 10?25 S·cm?1 to about 10?12 S·cm?1, or smaller still.
